2018BookofCases

Request – The action taken by a customer to ask a performer to take some action to produce a mutually understood result (CoS) by a definite time in the future. Right First Time (RFT) – This concept involves making sure that all activities are carried out in the right manner the first time and every time. A quality management concept that defect prevention is more advantageous and cost effective than defect detection and associated rework. Root Cause Analysis – A systematic method of analysing possible causes to determine the root cause of a problem. SCAMPER – The SCAMPER technique is based very simply on the idea that what is new is actually a modification of existing old things around us. It is a creative thinking and problem solving technique developed to address targeted questions that help solve problems or ignite creativity during brainstorming meetings. The name SCAMPER is acronym for seven techniques: (S) substitute, (C) combine, (A) adapt, (M) modify, (P) put to another use, (E) eliminate, and (R) reverse. Screening – Determining the status of tasks in the look- ahead window relative to their constraints, and choosing to advance or retard tasks based on their constraint status and the probability of removing constraints. Sequenced – A sequenced assignment should release work to another performer, and in no case should it hinder another assignment or cause other crews to do additional work. It refers to quality criterion for selecting assignments among those that are sound in priority order and in constructability order. Set-Based Design (SBD) – A design method whereby sets of alternative solutions to parts of the problem are kept open until their LRM, in order to find by means of set intersection the best combination that solves the problem as a whole. Shielding – Preventing the release work to production units because it does not meet quality criteria; the work is not a quality assignment. It is akin to stopping the assembly line, rather than advancing a defective product. The purpose of shielding is to reduce uncertainty and variation, thereby providing production units with greater opportunity to be reliable. Should-Can-Wi l l-Did – To be effective, production management systems must tell us what we should do and what we can do, so that we can decide what we will do, then compare with what we did to improve our planning. SIPOC – This is a visual tool to assist in documenting a process from beginning-to-end, and includes: Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, Customers. 6S – This is all of the 5S with the addition of Safety as the 6th S. Six Sigma – A method and a set of tools to reduce variation in processes, particularly quality, using mostly statistical tools. Its primary method is DMAIC. Sized – Quality criterion for assignments whereby the amount of work included in an assignment is made to match the capacity of the production unit that will do the work. The performer should have a very reasonable expectation that the assignment can be completed by the number of people available to do the job. SMED – Stands for Single Minutes Exchange of Dies. It is a Lean production method for waste reduction, and specifically to enable improved line changeovers. Sound – Quality criterion for assignments that tests whether or not assignments have had all constraints removed. The performer of an assignment should know that the materials, tools, staff, and information to complete an assignment are available before accepting it. Standard/Standardised Work – Integral to Lean, this aims at creating processes and procedures that are repeatable, reliable, and capable – thi s being the bas i s for cont inuous improvement. Target Cost – The cost goal established by the delivery team as the target for its design and delivery efforts. The Target Cost should be set at less than best-in-class past performance. The goal is to create a sense of necessity to drive innovation and waste reduction into the design and construction process. Target Value Delivery – A disciplined management practice to be used throughout the project to assure that the facility meets the operational needs and values of the users, is delivered within the al lowable budget, and promotes innovation throughout the process to increase value and eliminate waste (time, money, human effort). Target Value Design – Encompasses the Target Value Delivery approaches implemented during the design delivery phases of the project. Target Value Production – Encompasses the Target Value Delivery approaches implemented during the construction delivery phases of the project. Task – An identifiable chunk of work. Throughput – The output rate of a production process. TPM – Stands for Total Productive Maintenance. It is a technique designed to optimise the performance, reliability, and productivity of plant and equipment. Responsibility for maintenance is given to the actual operators. Under-loading – Making assignments to a production unit, or a resource within a production unit, that absorbs less than 100% of i ts capaci ty. Under- loading i s necessary to accommodate variation in processing time or production rate, in order to assure plan reliability. Under-loading is also done to release time for workers to take part in training or learning, conducting first-run studies, implementing process improvements, or for equipment to be maintained. Utilisation – The percentage of a resource’s capacity that is used in actual production. Value – What the customer wants from the process. The customer defines value. Value-Adding (VA) – Those activities/processes that directly add/contribute value to customers – those activities the customer is happy to pay for. One should constantly strive to expand these. Value Stream – The sequence of activities required to design, 79 L EAN C ONSTRUCTION I RELAND A NNUAL B OOK OF C ASES 2018