2020BookofCases

Contents Lean Construction Ireland Annual Book of Cases 2020 Terms & Concepts 82 Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) A project delivery approach that integrates people, systems, business structures and practices into a process that collaboratively harnesses the talents and insights of all participants to reduce waste and optimise efficiency through all phases of the project, from early design through project handover. The three contractual components of IPD include: Organisation Structure, Lean Operating Systems, and Commercial Terms. Just In Time (JIT) A system for producing or delivering the right amount of parts or product at the time it is needed for production. Kaizen The Japanese term for incremental continuous improvement. Kaizen is a structured process to engage those closest to the process to improve both the effectiveness and efficiency of the process. Its goals are to remove waste and add standardisation. Kaizen has come to mean the philosophy of continuous improvement. Kanban The Japanese term for a signposting mechanism associated with the demand pull principle. The signal tells workers to pull parts or refill materials to a certain quantity used in production, and is a signal that a downstream or customer process can use to request a specific amount of a specific part from the upstream or supply process. It is a visual system for managing work as it moves through a process, and it visualises both the process (the workflow) and the actual work passing through that process. The goal of Kanban is to identify potential bottlenecks in your process and fix them so work can flow through it cost-effectively at an optimal speed or throughput. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) These are a set of measures designed to benchmark a business’s most important characteristics against a set of strategic targets. Last Planner Integral to the LPS, this is the person or group that makes assignments to direct workers. Project Architect and Discipline Lead are common names for last planners in design processes; and Superintendent or Foremen are common names for last planners in construction processes. Last Planner® System (LPS) The complete term is “Last Planner System for Production Control”. This is a system for project production planning and control that is aimed at creating a workflow that achieves reliable execution. It was developed by Glenn Ballard and Greg Howell, with documentation by Ballard in 2000. LPS is the collaborative, commitment-based planning system that integrates should-can-will-did planning: pull planning, make- ready look-ahead planning with constraint analysis, weekly work planning based upon reliable promises, and learning based upon analysis of PPC and Reasons for Variance. Last Responsible Moment (LRM) The instant in which the cost of the delay of a decision surpasses the benefit of delay; or the moment when failing to take a decision eliminates an important alternative. Leader Standard Work This applies the concept of standard work to the task of driving Lean thinking and behaviour throughout the organisation. Leader standard work is a set of actions, tools, and behaviours that are incorporated into the daily activities of leaders at all levels. Like the standard work for any process, leader standard work must be documented, practiced consistently, and changed only with reflection and experimentation. Lean The concept that all processes contain waste. Lean is a value-driven and integrated approach to designing and improving work towards a customer-focused ideal state through the engagement of all people aligned to common principles and practices. It is associated with the ability to accomplish more with less – Lean Enterprises use less human effort to perform their work, less material to create their products and services, less time to develop them, and less energy and space to produce them. It is underpinned and sustained by a culture of respect and continual improvement aimed at creating more value for the customer while identifying and eliminating waste. Lean Construction This is a respect-oriented and relationship-oriented production management-based approach to capital project delivery. It is an alternative and transformational way to design and build capital facilities versus traditional construction design and project management. Lean Project Delivery System (LPDS) An organised implementation of Lean principles and tools combined to allow a team to operate in unison to create flow. Lean Thinking The philosophical foundation, leadership mindset, and management orientation that enables all individuals in an organisation to understand “Real Lean”, and to design, develop, implement, manage, and sustain a Lean Enterprise and culture of proactive problem solving and continuous improvement. Load The amount of output expected from a production unit or individual worker within a given time. Look Ahead Plan A short interval plan, based on the pull/phase plan, that identifies all the activities to be performed in the next 6 (or