2020BookofCases

Contents Lean Construction Ireland Annual Book of Cases 2020 Terms & Concepts 85 Screening Determining the status of tasks in the look-ahead window relative to their constraints, and choosing to advance or retard tasks based on their constraint status and the probability of removing constraints. Scrum Linked to Agile, and initially utilised in software development, Scrum is a framework for developing, delivering, and sustaining complex products, within which people can address complex adaptive problems while productively and creatively delivering products of the highest possible value. Scrum meetings encompass the essence of Lean Huddle Meetings and Leader Standard Work. Sequenced A sequenced assignment should release work to another performer, and in no case should it hinder another assignment or cause other crews to do additional work. It refers to quality criterion for selecting assignments among those that are sound in priority order and in constructability order. Set-Based Concurrent Engineering (SBCE) This emanated from the Toyota Motor Corporation’s approach to product development. SBCE begins by broadly considering sets of possible solutions and gradually narrowing the set of possibilities to converge on a final solution. A wide net from the start, and gradual elimination of weaker solutions, makes finding the best or better solutions more likely. As a result, a company/design team may take more time early on to define the solutions, but can then move more quickly toward convergence and, ultimately, production than its point-based counterparts. Set-Based Design (SBD) A design method whereby sets of alternative solutions to parts of the problem are kept open until their last responsible moment (LRM) in order to find by means of set intersection the best combination that solves the problem as a whole. Shielding Preventing the release of work to production units because it does not meet quality criteria - the work is not a quality assignment. It is akin to stopping the assembly line rather than advancing a defective product. The purpose of shielding is to reduce uncertainty and variation, thereby providing production units with greater opportunity to be reliable. Should-Can-Will-Did To be effective, production management systems must tell us what we should do and what we can do, so that we can decide what we will do, then compare with what we did to improve our planning. SIPOC Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, Customers. This is a visual tool to assist in documenting a process from begin- ning-to-end. 6S This is all of the 5S with the addition of Safety as the 6th S. Six Sigma A method and a set of tools to reduce variation in processes, particularly quality, using mostly statistical tools. Sized Quality criterion for assignments whereby the amount of work included in an assignment is made to match the capacity of the production unit that will do the work. The performer should have a very reasonable expectation that the assignment can be completed by the number of people available to do the job. SMED Stands for Single Minutes Exchange of Dies. It is a Lean production method to enable improved line changeovers and reduce the waste therein. Sound Quality criterion for assignments that tests whether or not assignments have had all constraints removed. The performer of an assignment should know that the materials, tools, staff, and information to complete an assignment are available before accepting it. Standard Work Integral to Lean thinking and practice, this aims at creating standardised processes and procedures that are repeatable, reliable, and capable – this being the basis for continuous improvement. It is the documented and current best way to do a particular task, procedure, or process. Workers develop the standard and follow it until an improvement process results in a new standard. Standard work ensures that results are consistent and forms the foundation upon which improvements are made. Takt The German word for “beat”, Takt time may be thought of as a measurable beat time, rate time, or heartbeat. In Lean, Takt time is the rate at which a finished product needs to be completed in order to meet customer demand. If a company has a takt time of 10 minutes, that means every 10 minutes a complete product, assembly, or machine is produced off the line because on average a customer is buying a finished product every 10 minutes. Target Cost The cost goal established by the delivery team as the target for its design and delivery efforts. The Target Cost should be set at less than best-in-class past performance. The goal is to create a sense of necessity to drive innovation and waste