Lean Construction Ireland Annual Book of Cases 2021 100 Network of Commitments The web of promises necessary to deliver any project.The role of management is to articulate and activate the unique network of commitments required to deliver each project. Non-Value-Adding (NVA) Those activities/processes that do not directly add/contribute value to customers – namely those activities the customer would not be happy to pay for.One should seek to reduce or remove these. Optimal Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) This is a hierarchy of metrics to evaluate how effectively a manufacturing operation is utilised with results stated in a generic form which allows comparison between manufacturing units in differing industries. It is not an absolute measure and is best used to identify scope for process performance improvement. It is a composite measure of the ability of a machine or process to carry out value adding activity. OEE = % time machine available * % of maximum output achieved * % perfect output. It measures the degree to which machines are adding value by not being wastefully employed due to planned or unplanned downtime or in producing defects. ParetoAnalysis Sometimes referred to as the “80:20 rule”, this is the tendency in many business situations for a small number of factors to account for a large proportion of events. For example,80% of total sales volume might be attributable to 20% of customers and 20% of the product range. In terms of quality, 80% of defects might be attributable to 20% of causes.The 20% is sometimes referred to as “the vital few”. PDCA Plan, Do, Check, Act/Adjust.This is the cycle introduced byWalter A. Shewhart and popularised by DrW. E. Deming as a method for continuous improvement. Percent Plan Complete/Planned Percent Complete (PPC) A basic measure of how well the planning system is working – calculated as the number of promises/activities completed on the day stated divided by the total number of promises/activities made/ planned for the week. It measures the percentage of assignments that are 100% complete as planned. Performer The individual engaged in a conversation for action who agrees to undertake performance either requested from or offered to a customer. Phase A period of the project where a specific group of activities is scheduled to be accomplished such as building design, completion of foundations, erection of exterior walls, building dry-in. A phase can be either a time period or a group of activities leading to the accomplishment of a defined goal/milestone. Phase Plan A plan for executing a specific phase of a project using a pull technique to determine hand-offs. It is prepared by the team actually responsible for doing the work through conversation.Work is planned at the request/demand of a downstream customer. Plan Reliability The extent to which a plan is an accurate forecast of future events it is measured by PPC. Planning The act of conversation that leads to well-coordinated action. Plus/Delta Review A continuous improvement discussion performed at the end of a meeting, project or event used to evaluate the session or activity. Two questions are asked and discussed. Plus:What produced value during the session? Delta:What could we change to improve the process or outcome? Poka-Yoke This is a Japanese term for Error-Proofing or Mistake-Proofing developed by Shigeo Shingo that is used to prevent an error or defect from happening or being passed on to the next operation. Perfection This is the essence of “Continuous Improvement” and the PDCA Cycle.As value is specified, value streams are identified,wasted steps are removed, and flow and pull are introduced, we must begin the process again and continue it until a state of perfection is reached in which perfect value is created with zero waste. Continually making improvements to further eliminate waste and add value is critical in order to perfect Lean Construction processes. Not only should adjustments be made throughout the individual project to identify and reduce waste, but taking learnings from project to project will enable continual innovation of newways to add value and eliminate waste. In reality,“perfection” is never reached and it is instead about the relentless pursuit of quality and excellence. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Integral to health and safety, this is the equipment worn to minimise exposure to serious workplace injuries and illnesses. Process Mapping A flowchart identifying all the activities, operations, steps, and work times for a process. Promise The action taken by a performer to commit to a customer to take some action to produce a mutually understood result, for example CoS, by a definite time in the future. Pull A method of advancing work when the next-in-line customer is ready to use it. A request/demand from the customer signals that the work is needed and it is pulled from the performer. Pull releases work when the system is ready to use it. Push Push an order from a central authority based on a schedule; Glossary
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