Lean Construction Ireland Annual Book of Cases 2021 102 method to enable improved line changeovers and reduce the waste therein. Sound Quality criterion for assignments that tests whether or not assignments have had all constraints removed.The performer of an assignment should know that the materials, tools, staff, and information to complete an assignment are available before accepting it. StandardWork Integral to Lean thinking and practice, this aims at creating standardised processes and procedures that are repeatable, reliable, and capable this being the basis for continuous improvement. It is the documented and current best way to do a particular task, procedure, or process.Workers develop the standard and follow it until an improvement process results in a new standard. Standard work ensures that results are consistent and forms the foundation upon which improvements are made. Statistical Process Control (SPC) This is defined as the use of statistical techniques to control a process or production method. SPC tools and procedures can help you monitor process behaviour, discover issues in internal systems, and find solutions for production issues.Statistical process control is often used interchangeably with statistical quality control (SQC). Takt The German word for “beat”,Takt time may be thought of as a measurable beat time, rate time or heartbeat. In Lean,Takt time is the rate at which a finished product needs to be completed in order to meet customer demand. If a company has a takt time of 10 minutes, that means every 10 minutes a complete product, assembly, or machine is produced off the line because on average a customer is buying a finished product every 10 minutes. Target Cost The cost goal established by the delivery team as the target for its design and delivery efforts.TheTarget Cost should be set at less than best-in-class past performance.The goal is to create a sense of necessity to drive innovation and waste reduction into the design and construction process. TargetValue Delivery (TVD) This is a disciplined management practice to be used throughout the project to ensure that the facility meets the operational needs and values of the users, is delivered within the allowable budget, and promotes innovation throughout the process to increase value and eliminate waste (time,money, human effort). TargetValue Design Encompasses theTarget Value Delivery approaches implemented during the design delivery phases of the project. TargetValue Production Encompasses theTarget Value Delivery approaches implemented during the construction delivery phases of the project. Task An identifiable chunk of work. Throughput This is the output rate of a production process, and refers to the amount of material or items passing through a system or process. Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) This is a technique designed to optimise the performance, reliability, and productivity of plant and equipment. Responsibility for maintenance is given to the actual operators. Under-Loading Making assignments to a production unit, or a resource within a production unit, that absorbs less than 100% of its capacity. Underloading is necessary to accommodate variation in processing time or production rate, in order to ensure plan reliability.Under-loading is also done to release time for workers to take part in training or learning, conducting first-run studies, implementing process improvements, or for equipment to be maintained. Utilisation The percentage of a resource’s capacity that is used in actual production. Value This is the start,middle, and end point of Lean.Value refers to what the customer wants from the process – the customer defines value – and is captured through the“Voice of Customer (VOC)”. Value-Adding (VA) Those activities/processes that directly add to or contribute value to customers those activities the customer is happy to pay for.One should constantly strive to expand these. Value Stream The sequence of activities required to design, produce, and deliver a good or service to a customer, and it includes the dual flows of information and material. Value Stream Mapping (VSM) The process of mapping out and visually displaying a value stream so that improvement activity can be effectively planned.VSM is the meta tool that guides all other Lean tools.When we utiliseVSM we visualise the current state plus desired future state of a process that take a product or service from its beginning through to the customer. Variance In statistics,Variance (σ2) is a measurement of the spread between numbers in a data set.That is, it measures how far each number in the set is from the mean (expected value/average) and therefore from every other number in the set.When an assignment is not completed as stated, it is considered a variance from the daily/ weekly/monthly work plan. VarianceTrendAnalysis This refers to the quantitative investigation of the difference between actual and planned behaviour.This technique is used for determining the cause and degree of difference between the baseline and actual performance and to maintain control over a project. Visual Management Placing tools, parts, production activities, plans, schedules, measures Glossary
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