Lean Construction Ireland Annual Book of Cases 2021 96 A3 This is a one-page report prepared on a single sheet of large (A3) paper (report) that adheres to the discipline of PDCA thinking as applied to collaborative problem solving, strategy development, or reporting.The A3 entails getting the problem, the analysis, the corrective actions, and the action plan down on a single sheet of paper,often with the use of graphics.A3 reports have evolved into a standard method for summarising problem-solving exercises, status reports, and planning exercises like value-stream mapping. Activity An identifiable chunk of work with recognised prerequisite requirements to begin, plus a recognised state of completion or condition of satisfaction. Another way to look at an activity is to establish the hand-offs for each chunk of work, thus defining the activity. Agile Is the method of project management characterised by the division of tasks into short phases of work and frequent reassessment and adaptation of plans. It is an iterative approach to project management that helps teams deliver value to their customers faster and with fewer headaches. Instead of betting everything on a“big bang” launch, an agile team delivers work in small, but consumable, increments. Requirements,plans, and results are evaluated continuously so teams have a natural mechanism for responding to change quickly. Agility This refers to supply chains and their management, and essentially means “readiness to change”. From a business perspective, agility is defined as a strategy that is more responsive in a volatile marketplace, where this strategy is totally demand driven and the whole supply chain management changes as consumer buying patterns change at a very rapid pace.The fundamental drivers of agile supply chain are Speed,Cost, and Efficiency, and agile supply chains are based on the sensitivity to consumer demand,with sensitivity referring to the ultimate consumer demand in terms of the volatility of that demand. Agile supply chain framework is based on four major constituents: (1) Virtual Integration; (2) Process Alignment; (3) Network-Based; and (4) Market Sensitive. Assignment A request or offer that has resulted in a reliable promise and is ready to be placed on the weekly work plan for performance.An assignment must meet the characteristics for a quality assignment prior to inclusion on the weekly work plan. Buffer Amechanism for deadening the force of reality unfolding in a manner that is contrary to what was anticipated in the plan. For example, a capacity buffer is created by committing to complete less work than what would be achieved according to the planned capacity of the resource. If production falls behind schedule, there is capacity available for catching up. Lean production/construction generally prefers capacity buffers to inventory buffers. Building Information Model/Modelling (BIM) The process of generating and managing building data during the life cycle of a building. BIM uses three-dimensional (3D), real-time, dynamic building modelling software.BIM includes building geometry, spatial relationships, geographic information, and quantities and properties of building components.BIM can include four-dimensional (4D) simulations to see how part or all of the facility is intended to be built and 5D capability for model-based estimating.BIM provides the platform for simultaneous conversations related to the design of the“product” and its delivery process. Capacity The amount of work that can be produced by an individual, specialist, or work group in a given period of time. Choosing ByAdvantages (CBA) This is a tested, effective, and sound decision-making system developed by Jim Suhr (1999) for determining the best decision by looking at the advantages of each option. CBA has five phases of decision-making: (1) Stage-setting: establish the purpose and context for the decision; (2) Innovation: formulate an adequate set of alternatives; (3) Decision-making: choose the alternative with the greatest total importance of advantages; (4) Reconsideration: change the decision if it should be changed or improved on; (5) Implementation: make the decision happen, adjust as needed, and evaluate the process and results. Commitment-Based Planning A planning system that is based on making and securing reliable promises in a team setting. Conditions of Satisfaction (CoS) An explicit description by a customer of all the actual requirements that must be satisfied by the performer in order for the customer to feel that they received exactly what was wanted. Constraint An item or requirement that will prevent an activity from starting, advancing, or completing as planned.Typical constraints on design tasks are inputs from others, clarity of requirements criteria for what is to be produced or provided, approvals or releases, and labour or equipment resources.Typical constraints on construction tasks are the completion of design or prerequisite work, or availability of materials, information, and directives. Screening tasks for readiness is assessing the status of their constraints. Removing constraints is making a task ready to be assigned. Constraints Log A list of constraints with identification of an individual promising to resolve the item by an agreed date.Typically developed during a review of the 6-week look-ahead plan when it is discovered that activities are not constraint free. Continuous Improvement (CI) This is “Kaizen” in Japanese, and it refers to the never-ending cycle of incremental efforts to improve products, services, and processes. Lean is a CI methodology and Lean’s 5th Principle of “Seek Perfection” and“PDCA” speak to CI. CorrectiveAction PreventiveAction (CAPA) This is a process that investigates and solves problems, identifies causes, takes corrective action, and prevents recurrence of the root causes.The ultimate purpose of CAPA is to ensure that the problem can never be experienced again. Glossary
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