Lean Construction Ireland Annual Book of Cases 2021 84 l f 2 A3 A one-page report prepared on a single (11 x 17 inch) sheet of paper that adheres to the discipline of PDCA thinking as applied to collaborative problem solving, strategy development or reporting. The A3 includes the background, problem statement, analysis, proposed actions, and the expected results. Activity An identifiable chunk of work with recognized prerequisite requirements to begin and a recognized state of completion or conditions of satisfaction.Another way to look at an activity establish the hand-offs for each chunk of work thus defining the activity. (see also“task”) Assignment A request or offer that has resulted in a Reliable Promise and is ready to be placed on theWeeklyWork Plan for performance.An assignment must meet the characteristics for a Quality Assignment prior to inclusion on theWWP. BIM Building Information Modeling is the process of generating and managing building data during the life cycle of a building. BIM uses three-dimensional (3D), real-time, dynamic building modeling software. BIM includes building geometry, spatial relationships, geographic information, and quantities and properties of building components. BIM can include four-dimensional (4D) simulations to see how part or all of the facility is intended to be built and 5D capability for model-based estimating.BIM provides the platform for simultaneous conversations related to the design of the “product” and its delivery process. Buffer As a verb:“to isolate one activity from the next.”A mechanism for deadening the force of reality unfolding in a manner that is contrary to what was anticipated in the plan. For example, a capacity buffer is created by committing to complete less work than what would be achieved according to the planned capacity of the resource. If production falls behind schedule, there is capacity available for catching up. (Lean production/construction generally prefers capacity buffers to inventory buffers.) Capacity The amount of work that can be produced by an individual specialist or work group in a given period of time. Choosing ByAdvantage (CBA) Decision making process articulated by Jim Suhr (1999) comprising five phases: (1)The Stage-Setting Phase, (2)The Innovation Phase, (3)The Decision-making Phase, (4)The Reconsideration Phase, (5) The Implementation Phase. Commitment Based Planning A planning system that is based on making and securing reliable promises in a team setting. Conditions of Satisfaction An explicit description by a Customer of all the actual requirements that must be satisfied by the Performer in order for the Customer to feel that he or she received exactly what was wanted. Constraint An item or requirement that will prevent an activity from starting, advancing or completing as planned. Something that stands in the way of a task being executable. It is not a preceding element of work already shown on the look-ahead plan, but something that is not shown such as a new client requirement, a contract that must be issued prior to work beginning, approval from an architect to change a design, etc. Constraints should be identified by the Screening Process. (see Screening) Constraint Log A list of Constraints with identification of an individual promising to resolve the item by an agreed date.Typically developed during a review of the SixWeek Look-Ahead Plan when it is discovered that activities are not constraint free. Continuous Improvement (CI) This is “Kaisen” and refers to incremental ongoing improvements to products and processes and is a never-ending journey. Plan-DoCheck-Act (PDCA) approach is a sequence that can be used. Current State Map Process map shows the current process as is that is being reviewed for improvement. SeeValue Stream Mapping. Customer The individual engaged in a conversation for action who will receive the results of performance either requested from, or offered by, the Performer. CycleTime The time it takes a product or unit of work (e.g. a room, building, quadrant) to go from beginning to completion of a production process; i.e., the time it is work-in-process. DefinedTask AQualityTask must be“Defined”-- it must have a beginning and end it should be clear to all when it has been completed. Dependence Where two or more tasks are sufficiently related that one cannot be started (or finished) without a certain measure of progress or completion having been achieved by the other.Waiting on release of work. Direct Observation A data gathering exercise to observe the subject in their usual work environment without making any alterations. DMAIC Define,Measure,Analyse, Improve and Control.This is a data driven cycle to improve processes. EightWastes Activity that do not add value such as Transportation, Inventory, Motion,Waiting, Over-production, Over-processing, Defects, Skills (TIMWOOD) Expected Cost An expression of the team’s best estimate at the conclusion of the
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