Lean Construction Ireland Annual Book of Cases 2021 86 l f 2 the benefit of delay; or the moment when failing to take a decision eliminates an important alternative. Lean Construction Application of lean thinking to the designing and making (or delivery at large) of capital projects (or projects in general). Lean Project Delivery System An organized implementation of Lean Principles andTools combined to allow a team to operate in unison. Load The amount of output expected from a production unit or individual worker within a given time. LookAhead Planning The portion of the Last Planner System that focuses on making work ready - assuring that work that should be done, can be done, by identifying and removing constraints in advance of need. LookAhead Plan A short interval plan, based on the pull/phase plan, that identifies all the activities to be performed in the next 6 (or other) weeks.The 6W Look-ahead Schedule (LAS) is updated each week - always identifying new activities coming 6 weeks out so that the project management team can make appropriate arrangements to assure that the work will be ready to be performed in the week indicated. LookAheadWindow The duration associated with Look Ahead Planning.Typically look- ahead windows extend from 3 to 12 weeks into the future. Make Ready Process To “make ready” is to take actions needed to remove constraints from assignments to ensure the work can be done as planned. Master Schedule A schedule that identifies major events or milestones in a project (start- up, turn-over to client, order long delivery components, mobilize in field, complete design, government reviews, etc.) and their timing. It is often the basis for contractual agreements between the owner and other team members. Milestone An item on the Master Schedule that defines the end or beginning of a phase or a contractually required event. Muda Japanese word for “Non-value-added”or Ohno’s 7Wastes. Mura Japanese word for “Unevenness” fluctuation in demand that causes the workflow to be uneven. Muri Japanese word for“Overburdening”- excessive demand on a system that causes the system to produce beyond its reasonable capacity. Pushing a machine or person beyond natural limits.Overburdening people results in safety and quality problems. Overburdening equipment causes breakdowns and defects. Network of Commitments The web of promises necessary to deliver any project.The role of management is to articulate and activate the unique network of commitments required to deliver each project. ParetoAnalysis A decision making technique used to identify the top 20% issues/ causes that need to be addressed to solve 80% of the problems overall. Or 80% of problems can be tracked back to 20% of the causes. PDCA Stands for Plan - Do - Check - Act.The cycle introduced byWalter A. Shewhart and popularized by Dr.W. E. Deming as a method of continuous improvement. Performer The individual engaged in a conversation for action who agrees to undertake performance either requested from or offered to a Customer. Phase A period of the project where a specific group of activities is scheduled to be accomplished such as building design, completion of foundations, erection of exterior walls, building dry-in, etc. A phase can be either a period or a group of activities leading to the accomplishment of a defined goal/milestone. Phase Plan or Pull Plan A plan for executing a specific phase of a project using a pull technique to determine hand-offs. It is prepared by the team responsible for doing the work through conversation.Work is planned at the“request”of a downstream“customer”. Plan Reliability The extent to which a plan is an accurate forecast of future events, measured by Percent Plan Complete (PPC). Planning The act of conversation that leads to well-coordinated action. Plus/Delta Review A continuous improvement discussion preformed at the end of a meeting, project or event used to evaluate the session or activity. Two questions are asked and discussed. Plus:What produced value during the session? Delta:What could we change to improve the process or outcome? Poke yoke A Japanese term for mistake-proofing method or device developed by Shigeo Shingo that is used to prevent an error or defect from happening or being passed on to the next operation. PPC (Plan Percent Complete) A basic measure of how well the planning system is working calculated as the “number of assignments completed on the day stated” divided by the “total number of assignments made for the week”. It measures the percentage of assignments that are 100% complete as planned.
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