Lean Construction Ireland Annual Book of Cases 2021 87 l f s s 2 PPE Personal protective equipment, commonly referred to as “PPE”, is equipment worn to minimize exposure to serious workplace injuries and illnesses. Prerequisite work Work that must be performed by others in order for you to perform your work. Process mapping A flowchart identifying all the activities, operations, steps and work times for a process. Promise The action taken by“Performer”to commit to a“Customer”to take some action to produce a mutually understood result (“Conditions of Satisfaction”) by a definite time in the future. (See Reliable Promise, below). Pull Amethod of advancing work when the next in line customer is ready to use it. A “Request” from the customer signals that the work is needed and is“pulled” from the performer. Pull releases work when the system is ready to use it. Push Push an order from a central authority based on a schedule; advancing work based on central schedule. Releasing materials, information,or directives possibly according to a plan but irrespective of whether or not the downstreamprocess is ready to process them. Quality Conformance to a Customer’s valid and agreed upon Conditions of Satisfaction. Quality assignment Assignment that meets quality criteria for release to the customer process.The quality criteria are: (1) definition, (2) soundness, (3) sequence, (4) size, and (5) learning. Reason forVariance Factors that prevented an assignment from being completed as promised, used by the team to promote learning concerning the failure of the planning system to produce predictable workflow. By assigning a category of variance to each uncompleted task, a team is able to identify those areas of recurring failure that require additional reflection and analysis. Reliable Promise A promise made by a performer only after self-assuring that the promisor (1) is competent or has access to the competence (both skill and wherewithal), (2) has estimated the amount of time the task will take, (3) has blocked all time needed to perform, (4) is freely committing and is not privately doubting ability to achieve the outcome, and (5) is prepared to accept any upset that may result from failure to deliver as promised. Request The action taken by a Customer”to ask a“Performer”to take some action to produce a mutually understood result (“Conditions of Satisfaction”) by a definite time in the future. Root CauseAnalysis A systematic method of analysing possible causes to determine the root cause of a problem. See also 5Why Analysis. Screening Determining the status of tasks in the look-ahead window relative to their constraints and choosing to advance or retard tasks based on their constraint status and the probability of removing constraints. Sequenced A “sequenced” assignment should release work to another Performer and in no case should it hinder another assignment or cause other crews to do additional work. Quality criterion for selecting assignments among those that are sound in priority order and in constructability order. Shielding Preventing the release work to production units because it does not meet quality criteria; the work is not a quality assignment. It is akin to “stopping the assembly line,” rather than advancing a defective product.The purpose of shielding is to reduce uncertainty and variation, thereby providing production units with greater opportunity to be reliable. Should-Can-Will-Did To be effective, production management systems must tell us what we should do and what we can do, so that we can decide what we will do, then compare with what we did to improve our planning. SIPOC Tool used to help map out processes and covers the following: Suppliers, Inputs, Process,Outputs, Customers. Sized Quality criterion for assignments whereby the amount of work included in an assignment is made to match the capacity of the production unit that will do the work.The Performer should have a very reasonable expectation that the assignment can be completed by the number of people available to do the job. Sound Quality criterion for assignments that tests whether or not assignments have had all constraints removed.The Performer of an assignment should know that the materials, tools, staff and information to complete an assignment are available before accepting it. TaktTime Planning (TTP) Use of takt time in the course of work structuring in order to develop a phase plan with smooth work flow. Target Cost The cost goal established by the delivery team as the “target” for its design and delivery efforts.TheTarget Cost should be set at less than best-in-class past performance.The goal is to create a sense of necessity to drive innovation and waste reduction into the design and construction process.
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